Categorizing and individuating others: The neural substrates of person perception. Data are from Mason, Banfield, and Macrae (2004). The prefrontal cortex shows strong activation when we are thinking about another person.
Figure 5.2 Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques have provided information about the brain structures that are involved in person perception. In one relevant study, Mason and Macrae (2004) used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans to test whether people stored information about other people in a different location in the brain than where they stored information about animals, and they found that this was the case. Specific areas of the prefrontal cortex were found to be more active when people made judgments about people rather than dogs (Figure 5.2). Recent research is beginning to uncover the areas in our brain where person perception occurs. People are often very skilled at person perception- the process of learning about other people-and our brains are designed to help us judge others efficiently (Haselton & Funder, 2006 Macrae & Quadflieg, 2010). Infants prefer to look at faces of people more than they do other visual patterns, and children quickly learn to identify people and their emotional expressions (Turati, Cassia, Simion, & Leo, 2006). As adults, we are able to identify and remember a potentially unlimited number of people as we navigate our social environments (Haxby, Hoffman, & Gobbini, 2000), and we form impressions of those others quickly and without much effort (Carlston & Skowronski, 2005 Fletcher-Watson, Findlay, Leekam, & Benson, 2008). Furthermore, our first impressions are, at least in some cases, remarkably accurate (Ambady, Bernieri, & Richeson, 2000). Review research about detecting deception.
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